1. Problem: The Cost of Chemical Spillage During Bulk Transport In 2024, the International Maritime Organization recorded 63 reported incidents of chemical leakage from flexible IBCs during sea transport — a number that underrepresents the true scale, as minor spillages often go unreported. Each incident triggers a cascade of costs: container decontamination ($3,000-$8,000 per container), port authority fines (averaging $12,000 for undeclared or leaking dangerous goods under